THE  HOUSE 


SILENCE 


r 


NEW  FIRE-PROOF  PLANTS  OF  UNION  FIBRE  CO  ,  WINONA,  MINN. 


ROCK  WOOL  AND  LITH  PLANT  OF  UNION  FIBRE  CO.  AT  YORKTOWN,  INDIANA. 


THIS  IS  THE  BOOKLET 
CALLED 

THE  HOUSE  OE 
SILENCE 

TREATING  OF 

“LINOFELT” 


The  linen  house 

SHEATHING, 
WHEREIN  ARE  SET 
DOWN  THE  MODERN 
SCIENTIFIC  THEORIES 
OF  HEAT,  (ALSO  COLD) 
AND  SOUND,  AND  THE 
REASONS  WHY  LINO- 
FELT  IS  A  NON-CON¬ 
DUCTOR  OF  HEAT 
WAVES  AND  SOUND 
WAVES. 


PUBLISHED  FOR  THE 
DISCERNING  PERSON 

by  the  UNION  FIBRE  COMPANY 

Factories  WINONA,  MINNESOTA 
YORKTOWN,  INDIANA 

SOLD  BY  DEALERS  IN  BUILDING  MATERIAL 
AGENTS  EVERYWHERE 

1908 


Wrap  your  houses  in  fine  linen!  as  did  those 
wise  persons  whose  houses  are  pictured  herein. 


THE  HOUSE  OF  SILENCE 

is  the  modern  dwelling,  protect¬ 
ed  from  heat  and  cold  by  LIN- 
OFELT  and  made  silent  by 
LINOFELT. 


DRSIONED  AND  PRINTED  BY 
JONES  &  KROEQER  CO. 
WINONA,  MINN. 


LINOFELT 


i 


teiiii-iifciiiTiih 


Jl 


INOFELT  is  a  flax  fibre  insulating  quilt 
for  building  purposes.  Many  tests  show 
that  it  has  the  effectiveness  of  38  thick¬ 
nesses  of  ordinary  standard  building  pa¬ 
per  *for  keeping  out  cold  and  sound. 

It  is  manufactured  by  modern  methods  in  large 
volume,  and  is  sold  by  dealers  in  building  material 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada 
for  dwellings  of  all  kinds.  Its  uses  today  are  so 
manifold  that  only  a  few  of  these  can  be  referred  to 
here,  but  new  uses  of  this  modern  product  are  still 
arising  and  it  is  more  than  probable  that  in  a  few 
years  it  will  be  in  practically  universal  use  in  all 
buildings  intended  for  human  occupancy 

The  purpose  of  this  little  book  is  to  explain  what 
Linofelt  is  for;  to  tell  how  it  is  made;  to  give  some 
brief  exposition  of  the  theories  of  the  transmission  of 
sound  and  the  conduction  of  heat,  according  to  recog¬ 
nized  scientific  authorities;  to  give  the  experience  of 
those  who  have  bought  and  used  Linofelt  since  it  has 
been  placed  upon  the  market. 

The  cost  of  Linofelt  is  so  low  that  it  should  be 
employed  in  the  construction  of  every  house  above 
the  crudest  form  of  habitation.  It  adds  less  than  1 
per  cent  to  the  cost  on  the  average.  It  is  safe  to  say 
that  it  makes  any  house  40  per  cent  warmer  than 
when  the  ordinary  building  paper  and  back  plaster 
are  used;  so  that  in  the  colder  states  the  saving  on 
fuel  alone,  not  to  speak  of  greater  comfort,  more  than 
compensates  for  the  cost. 

Linofelt  is  not  an  expense;  it  is  a  money  saver 
a  modern  building  necessity. 

Linofelt  is  manufactured  in  several  grades,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  uses  required,  and  at  corresponding 
prices ; 

*Red  rosin  sized  building  paper  40  lbs.  to  1,000  square  feet  was  used 
in  the  tests. 


Regular  Stock  Grades  ■ 


RETTED  LINOFELT  (NO.  1) 

This  grade  is  manufactured  from  degummed  flax  fibre  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  thick  stitched  between  two  sheets  of  rosin¬ 
sized  paper,  36  inches  wide,  put  up  in  rolls  of  200  square 
feet,  weight  per  roll  45  pounds.  It  is  used  for  sound  deaden¬ 
ing  and  sheathing  purposes  in  all  classes  of  buildings. 

NATURAL  LINOFELT  (NO.  2) 

This  grade  is  manufactured  from  thoroughly  dried  and 
hackled  flax  fibre  three-sixteenths  of  an  inch  thick  stitched 
between  two  sheets  of  rosin  sized  paper,  36  inches  wide,  put 
up  in  rolls  of  200  square  feet,  weight  per  roll  46  pounds ;  used 
for  sound  deadening  and  sheathing  purposes. 

FROST  PROOF  LINOFELT 
(Substitute  for  back  plaster) 

This  grade  is  manufactured  from  degummed  flax  fibre  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  thick,  14  inches  wide,  stitched  between 
two  sheets  of  rosin-sized  paper  18  inches  wide  to  fit  between 
studding  with  16  inch  centers,  put  up  in  rolls  of  100  lineal 
feet,  weight  per  roll  30  pounds.  It  is  also  made  regularly 
to  fit  between  studding  with  24  inch  centers,  and  in  other 
widths  at  a  slightly  increased  cost.  All  rolls  are  100  feet  in 
length,  but  contain  square  feet  in  proportion  to  their  width. 

Full  descriptions  of  the  special  grades  and  thicknesses, 
are  given  on  pages  18  and  19 


Our  Linofelt  Sheathing  Will  Keep  Your  House 


This  illustration  serves  the  double  purpose  of  showing 
how  easily  Linofelt  is  put  on  over  the  board  sheathing,  and 
how  the  siding  or  weather-board  goes  on  after  the  Linofelt  is 
in  place. 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT. 


APARTMENT  BUIl.DINQ,  12th  St.  and  Paseo,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Owner,  Austin  Realty  &  Agency  Co.  Architect,  Edwards  and  Sunderland. 


Retted  Linofelt 


Retted  Linofelt,  the  scientific  non-conductor  of  heat  and 
sound,  is  a  quilt  of  flax  fibres,  (unbleached  linen  threads). 
The  first  steps  in  its  manufacture  are  like  those  used  in  linen¬ 
making. 

As  is  generally  known  nearly  every  plant  contains  gums, 
oils  and  woody  portions.  Around  these  in  the  flax  plant  is 
a  sheathing  of  the  finest  fibre — so  fine  that  it  compares  with 
the  finest  silks.  The  retting  process  used  in  the  olden  times 
was  in  fact  rotting  the  gums,  oils  and  woody  parts  so  that 
they  were  loosed  from  the  fibre,  which  remains  unaffected  in 
the  process. 

Our  flax  straw  is  hackled  and  retted  by  our  patent  pro¬ 
cesses,  by  which  it  is  freed  from  the  vegetable  gums  and  oils. 
It  is  picked  and  combed,  by  appropriate  machines,  then  it  is 
felted,  also  by  a  machine,  into  a  blanket  of  uniform  thick¬ 
ness  and  cut  to  desired  widths. 

When  it  is  ready  for  the  final  process  the  fibre  is  the 
same,  (save  that  it  is  unbleached)  as  that  used  in  Ireland  and 
Belgium  in  the  manufacture  of  linen. 

7 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT. 


Four  Cottages,  5th  and  Olmstead  Streets.  Owner,  C.  H.  BEYERSTEDT — 

Contractor,  John  Knopp;  Architect,  A.  E.  Myhre.  Winona,  Minn.. 


The  final  step  is  to  stitch,  between  two  sheets  of  build¬ 
ing  paper  (or  water-proof  paper  or  asbestos  paper  according  to 
grade  and  quality),  the  flax  fibre  and  complete  the  quilt. 

As  it  comes  from  the  machines  which  make  it 
into  a  quilt,  the  appearance  of  the  Linofelt  roll  is  shown  as 
follows : 


LINOFELT  ADDS  LESS  THAN  1  PER  CENT  TO  THE  COST 
of  your  house  when  you  are  building,  but  MORE  THAN 
40  PER  CENT  TO  ITS  COMFORT  AND  VALUE  when 
you  are  living  therein. 


8 


Every  roll  of  Retted  Linofelt  contains  200  square  feet 
(by  actual  measurement).  It  is  uniformly  36  inches  wide, 
quilted  by  five  seams  running  longitudinally,  and  is  one- 
quarter  inch  in  thickness  of  flax  fibre  not  counting  the  thick¬ 
ness  of  the  paper.  The  weight  of  each  roll  is  46  pounds. 

Then  it  is  wrapped  and  labeled  ready  for  shipment. 


A  PACKAGK  OF  LINOFELT— 200  Square  Feet 


LINOFELT  ADDS  LESS  THAN  1  PER  CENT  TO  THE  COST 
of  your  house  when  you  are  building,  but  MORE  THAN 
40  PER  CENT  TO  ITS  COMFORT  AND  VALUE  when 
you  are  living  therein. 


9 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT, 


RESIDENCE  OF  MR.  A.  .1.  COLI.INS,  Des  Moines.  Iowa 


Des  Moines,  Iowa,  Nov.  22,  1906. 
UNION  FIBRE  CO.,  Winona,  Minn. 

Gentlemen; — Replying  to  yours  of  recent  date,  regard¬ 
ing  the  Linofelt  I  used,  will  say,  that  I  consider  the  money 
that  I  spent  for  the  Linofelt  the  best  investment  I  made. 
Our  house  is  free  from  draughts,  and  this  summer  our  walls 
never  became  heated,  like  our  old  house  that  just  had  com¬ 
mon  building  paper  between  the  sheathing  and  siding. 

We  save  the  price  of  the  Linofelt  each  year  in  coal. 

Yours  truly, 

A.  J.  COLLINS. 


Ives  Grove,  Wis.,  Jan.  28,  1907. 
UNION  FIBRE  CO.,  Winona,  Minn. 

Gentlemen: — I  have  your  letter  of  recent  date,  inquiring 
as  to  results  obtained  from  your  Retted  and  Frost  Proof 
Linofelt,  and  in  reply  will  say  that  we  have  used  this  for 
three  winters  in  the  house  and  for  two  winters  in  the  barn. 
Our  two  large  rooms  are  44'xl8',  9^'  high,  and  we  have  only 
used  one  large  base-burner  stove,  and  in  the  coldest  days  we 
have  had  (being  28  degrees  below  zero)  the  further  end  of 
the  room  was  never  colder  than  68  degrees. 

In  the  barn,  which  is  62'x38',  with  cement  floor  and  an 
eight  inch  air  space,  we  have  also  used  this  material,  and 
And  that  the  barn  is  never  colder  than  38  to  40  degrees  above, 
with  the  cattle  and  horses  therein.  In  this  barn  we  have 


10 


King’s  system  of  in  and  out  ventilation,  so  that  the  barn  is 
absolutely  odorless. 

I  would  recommend  your  materials  to  everyone  wishing 
a  warm  building  of  any  kind.  I  am  now  going  to  erect  an 
ice  house  for  farm  purposes,  and  also  a  home  creamery,  and 
will  use  your  materials  throughout. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

'  C.  0.  OLSON. 


NATURAL  LINOFELT 


E'  "  1 


Natural  Linofelt  is  used  for  house  sheathing  (“the  modern 
successor  to  building  paper’’)  and  sound  deadening,  in  the 
same  manner  as  Retted  Linofelt. 

It  differs  from  the  Retted  Linofelt  in  that  the  vegetable 
gums  are  not  removed  by  chemical  process,  and,  therefore,  the 
Natural  Linofelt  or  No.  2  is  slightly  less  efficient  as  a  non-con¬ 
ductor  of  heat,  cold  and  sound,  than  the  Retted  or  first  grade. 

As  compared  with  Retted  Linofelt  it  has  an  efficiency  of 
about  80  per  cent.  But  still,  as  compared  with  any  other 
sheathing  and  sound  deadening  materials  it  has  an  efficiency 
greater  than  any  on  the  market. 


LINOFELT  ADDS  LESS  THAN  1  PER  CENT  TO  THE  COST 
of  your  house  when  you  are  building,  but  MORE  THAN 
40  PER  CENT  TO  ITS  COMFORT  AND  VALUE  when 
you  are  living  therein. 

1 1 


1 

F3 

Frost  Proof  Linofelt 

[ 

1 1 .  '  <  -  1 

H 

1  1 

This  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  back  plaster,  and  as  an  ad¬ 
ditional  barrier  to  the  passage  of  heat  and  cold  through  the 
walls.  It  is  placed  between  the  studding,  and  fastened  to  them 
midway,  dividing  the  four  inch  space  between  the  lath  and  the 
outside  boards  into  two  2-inch  air  spaces. 


We  have  called  this  Frost  Proof  Linofelt  to  distinguish 
it  from  the  Sheathing  Linofelt.  It  is  just  the  same  as  Retted 
Linofelt  except  that  the  degummed  flax  fibre  is  14  inches 
wide  and  the  paper  covering  it  is  18  inches  wide.  This  is  for 
the  variety  designed  for  16  inch  studding,  for  other  widths 
the  fibre  is,  of  course,  wider.  This  permits  the  double  paper 
to  extend  beyond  the  edge  of  the  fibre  two  inches  on  each 
side.  When  you  push  the  material  into  place  between  the 
studding,  the  fibrous  part  of  the  felt  fits  snugly  at  each 
side,  and  the  extending  edges  of  the  paper  lie  against  the 
side  of  the  studding  and  are  fastened  by  nailing  a  lath  over 
them.  See  page  16. 


12 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT 
LITH  AND  MINERAL  WOOL  SOUND  DEADENER 


SORRENTO  APARTMENTS.  430  Kane  Place,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Owner,  H.  Nunnemacher  Architects,  Hood  and  Tulgren. 


Much  Cheaper  Than  Back  Plaster 

In  addition  to  the  efficiency  of  Frost  Proof  Linofelt,  as 
compared  with  back  plaster,  is  its  ease  of  application.  It  is 
put  up  in  rolls  of  the  proper  dimensions,  and,  as  will  be  seen, 
(Page  16)  is  very  easily  applied,  and  the  necessity  of  tempo¬ 
rarily  heating  your  building  to  dry  out  back  plaster  is  obvi¬ 
ated. 

When  desired,  we  can  furnish  Frost  Proof  Linofelt  for 
24-inch  centers,  and  other  widths  to  order  at  a  slightly  in¬ 
creased  cost. 


LINOFELT  ADDS  LESS  THAN  1  PER  CENT  TO  THE  COST 
of  your  house  when  you  are  building,  but  MORE  THAN 
40  PER  CENT  TO  ITS  COMFORT  AND  VALUE  when 
you  are  living  therein. 


13 


m 


HOW  TO  BUILD 
WITH  LINOFELT 


I _ \  LJ 


HE  usual  practice  is  to  build  frame  houses  of  2x4, 
2x6,  or  2x8  studding,  depending  on  the  height 
of  wall  and  strength  required,  and  to  set  the 
studding  at  16  inch  centers  or  24  inch  centers. 
On  the  outside  apply  No.  2  tongued  and  grooved 
boards,  or  cheap  quality  rough  boards,  as 
sheathing.  You  can  use  a  cheaper  grade  of  sheathing  boards 
if  you  use  Linofelt. 

Next  apply  a  layer  of  Linofelt  directly  on  the  sheathing 
boards;  use  Linofelt  nails  or  shingle  nails  driven  through 
small  pieces  of  cardboard  or  washers,  so  that  the  nail-heads 
may  not  cut  through  the  paper  of  the  Linofelt.  This  is  for 
temporary  fastening.  Over  the  Linofelt,  on  top  of  each  stud, 
nail  lath  and  apply  clapboard  on  these  lath,  nailing  through 
to  studding. 

These  lath  over  the  studding  are  the  permanent  fastening 
of  the  Linofelt.  This  method  of  erection  prevents  the  clap¬ 
boards  from  compressing  the  Linofelt — reducing  its  efficiency 
by  flattening  out  the  air  spaces. 

The  edges  of  the  Linofelt  should  be  butted  together  and 
not  lapped. 

These  directions  are  very  important  to  bring  about  good 
results. 

The  builder  must  remember  to  figure  an  allowance  on 
width  of  door  and  window  casings  of  seven-sixteenths  of  an 
inch  for  this  thickness  of  Linofelt  and  its  lath  fastening  on 
the  outside  wall  of  the  house. 

Frost  Proof  Linofelt  (substitute  for  back  plaster)  is  ap¬ 
plied  between  the  studding  on  the  inside  in  the  manner  shown 
in  the  illustration  on  page  16.  Then  finish  with  lath  and  plas¬ 
ter,  plaster  board,  or  any  inside  finish  desired,  taking  care  to 
fill  spaces  around  the  windows  and  door  frames  with  Linofelt 
Tape  (See  page  19)  or  pack  them  with  odd  pieces  of  degummed 
flax  fibre. 

THE  ROOF — The  natural  tendency  of  cold  is  to  descend^ 
and  heat  to  rise.  For  this  reason  the  proper  protection  in 
your  roof  is  even  of  greater  importance  than  in  the  sides  of 
your  house. 


14 


To  prevent  waste  of  heat  and  render  your  attic  warm  in 
winter  and  cool  in  summer,  put  Frost  Proof  Linofelt  between 
the  rafters,  fastening  it  with  a  lath  each  side  and  also 
fastening  it  to  the  roof  boards  with  a  lath  down  the  middle. 

If  you  do  not  care  to  provide  a  warm  attic.  Frost  Proof 
Linofelt  may  be  laid  between  the  joists  under  the  attic 
floor.  This  will  be  effective  in  keeping  the  heat  in  the  rooms 
below,  but,  of  course,  will  not  make  the  attic  warm. 

The  above  description  calls  for  both  kinds  of  Linofelt — 
Sheathing  Linofelt  under  the  clapboards  and  Frost  Proof  Lino¬ 
felt  between  the  studding.  This  is  the  ideal  construction  to 
produce  the  very  best  results,  but  one  thickness  of  Linofelt, 
either  the  Sheathing  (Retted  of  Natural)  or  Frost  Proof  variety 
will  give  excellent  satisfaction. 

CUT  LINOFELT  with  large  tailors’  shears  or  better  with 
a  sharp  butcher  knife.  Make  a  slot  with  two  boards,  spread 
the  Linofelt  over  the  slot,  and  resting  the  knife  in  the  slot 
draw  it  through  the  Linofelt. 

Linofelt  in  Other  Structures 

BARNS 

The  care  of  live  stock  during  the  winter  months  is  a 
problem  to  which  every  farmer  should  give  careful  attention.  * 

It  is  particularly  important  that  the  barn  should  be  so 
built  as  to  keep  out  drafts;  nothing  will  so  quickly  cause  cows 
to  run  down  as  drafty  quarters.  The  loss  in  milk  supply 
frequently  would  amount  to  more  than  it  would  have  cost 
to  have  made  the  barn  comfortable  and  warm. 

A  horse  kept  in  a  warm  stable  will  go  through  the  win¬ 
ter  in  much  better  condition. 

Linofelt  should  be  applied  in  barns  in  the  same  way  as  we 
have  previously  described  for  residences,  unless  drop  siding  or 
single  layer  of  sheathing  lumber  is  used.  In  this  case  we  would 
suggest  that  1x4  strips  be  toe-nailed  at  36-inch  centers  between 
the  studding,  before  the  siding  is  put  on,  and  directly  to  the 
studding  a  layer  of  our  Linofelt  be  applied;  over  the  Lino¬ 
felt  and  exactly  on  top  of  the  studding,  up  and  down,  nail 
lath  to  secure  the  Linofelt.  Then  finish  with  drop  siding  or 
sheathing  lumber. 

If  the  barn  is  already  built  and  you  wish  to  make  it  warm¬ 
er,  you  can  use  Frost  Proof  Linofelt  between  the  studding  in 
the  manner  described  on  page  12. 

REFRIGERATORS,  ICE  HOUSES,  CREAMERIES,  ETC. 

Many  progressive  farmers  are  building  their  own  re¬ 
frigerators,  ice  houses,  creameries,  etc.  The  Union  Fibre  Co.  is 
the  largest  exclusive  manufacturer  of  insulating  materials  for 
these  purposes  in  the  world.  See  last  page.  If  interested,  send 
for  special  booklet.  Our  materials  prevent  heat  or  cold  from 
passing  through  walls. 


1.5 


LATH 
SECUEDN^ 
LINOFELT 


OUTSIDE 

OF 

HOUSE 


0 

% 

s 


STUDDING 


LATH 
SECURIN< 
LINOFELT 


'  'U 


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Ur 

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,  0 

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0. 

Al  R 

SPACE 

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AIR 


^^f^DING 


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'!■  ••  *. 

:x 

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f-rftti 


This  cut  shows 
both  kinds  of 
L  i  n  o  f  e  1  t  ” 
Sheathing  Lino- 
felt  under  the 
clapboards  and 
Frost  Proof 
L  i  n  o  f  e  It  be¬ 
tween  the  stud¬ 
ding.  This  is 
the  ideal  con¬ 
struction  t  o 

1  NSIDE 
OF 

HOUSE 


produce  the  very 
best  results,  but 
one  thickness 
of  L  i  n  o  f  e  1  t, 
either  the 
Sheathing  (Ret¬ 
ted  or  Natural) 
or  Frost  Proof 
variety  will  give 
excellent  satis¬ 
faction. 


CROSS  SECTION  OF 
FRAME  HOUSE 

Showing  method  oF  using  LINOFELT 


Here  is  shown  Frost  Proof  Linofelt  between  the  studding 
fastened  with  a  lath  each  side,  and  Retted  or  Natural  Linofelt 
between  the  sheathing  boards  and  clapboards,  fastened  with 
a  lath  directly  over  the  studding.  In  places  where  winter  is 
not  very  severe  the  sheathing  boards  may  be  left  out  of  the 
construction,  Linofelt  attached  directly  to  the  studding  with 
lath  over  it  and  the  clapboards  nailed  through  the  lath  to 
the  studding.  Sometimes  you  can  save  money  on  construc¬ 
tion —  always  you  can  save  money  on  fuel  by  using  Linofelt. 


10 


The  way  Frost 
Proof  Linofelt  is 
applied  under  a 
roof  and  in  the 
walls  of  a  house — 
Sheathing  Linofelt 
is  also  shown.  — 
Note  the  lath  over 
the  studding. 


BRICK  CONCRETE  ^  HOLLOW-TILE  HOUSES 


FURRING  STRIPS 


If  houses  are  built  of  brick, 
stone  or  concrete  or  hollow  tile, 
their  comfort  can  be  greatly 
increased  by  the  use  of  Lino¬ 
felt  in  the  following  manner. 
1x2  furring  strips  should  be 
spiked  to  the  walls  at  36-inch 
centers.  Over  these  strips 
place  a  layer  of  Linofelt, 
and  fur  again  for  the  lath 
and  plaster.  This,  as  you  see, 
leaves  two  air  spaces  and 
makes  the  wall  warm  and  dry. 

If  2x4  studding  is  used  as  in 
some  constructions  Frost 
Proof  Linofolt  can  be  run  up 
and  down  between  studding  as 
shown  on  page  16. 

This  construction,  even  in 
coldest  climates,  will  prevent 
frost  or  moisture  on  the  inside 
wall  surfaces. 


17 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT. 


ALEXANDER  APARTMENTS,  Winnipeg  Canada. 
Architect,  John  D.  Atchison. 


SPECIAL  GRADES 
OF  LINOFELT 


ASBESTOS  RETTED  LINOFELT 

This  grade  is  manufactured  from  degummed  flax  fibre  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  thick  stitched  between  two  sheets  of  rosin 
sized  paper  and  is  covered  on  both  sides  with  sheet  asbestos, 
36  inches  wide,  put  up  in  rolls  of  200  square  feet,  weight  per 
roll  86  pounds.  The  asbestos  sheet  makes  this  material  fire¬ 
proof.  It  is  used  for  sheathing  and  sound  deadening  purposes. 
We  can  also  furnish  Natural  Linofelt  asbestos  covered. 

RETTED  WATER-PROOF  LINOFELT 

This  is  the  same  as  Retted  Linofelt  except  we  use  RED 
ROPE  WATER-PROOF  INSULATING  paper  instead  of  rosin 
sized  sheathing  paper.  We  especially  recommend  this  grade 
for  the  better  class  of  residences  and  other  buildings  where  the 
owner  is  willing  to  pay  a  little  more  to  get  a  better  grade  of 
paper. 


18 


FROST  PROOF  LINOFELT— WATERPROOF 


Same  as  Frost  Proof  Linofelt  except  we  use  RED  ROPE 
WATER-PROOF  INSULATING  paper  instead  of  rosin  sized 
sheathing  paper.  We  especially  recommend  this  grade  for 
the  better  class  of  residences  and  other  buildings  where  the 
owner  is  willing  to  pay  a  little  more  to  get  a  better  grade  of 
paper.  We  also  cover  Frost  Proof  Linofelt  with  sheet 
ASBESTOS,  making  it  fire-proof. 

LINOFELT  TAPE 

This  grade  is  manufactured  from  degummed  flax  fibre  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  thick  stitched  between  two  sheets  of  rosin 
sized  paper,  six  inches  wide,  put  up  in  rolls  of  fifty  lineal 
feet.  Used  around  window  and  door  casings  to  prevent 
draughts. 


Regular  Water-Proof  Grades 

These  are  for  insulation  of  Cold  Storages,  Ice  Houses,  Re¬ 
frigerators,  etc. 


ONE-HALF  INCH  LINOFELT 

This  grade  is  manufactured  from  degummed  flax  fibre 
one-half  of  an  inch  thick  stitched  between  two  sheets  of  three 
ply  red  rope  insulating  paper,  36  inches  wide,  put  up  in  rolls 
of  120  square  feet,  weight  per  roll  55  pounds.  It  is  used  for 
the  insulation  of  cold  storage  plants,  ice  boxes,  creameries, 
etc.  and  is  unsurpassed  by  anything  of  equal  thickness  as  a 
non-conductor  of  heat  and  cold.  See  two  last  pages. 

QUARTER-INCH  LINOFELT 

This  grade  is  manufactured  from  degummed  flax  fibre  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  thick  stitched  between  two  sheets  of  three 
ply  red  rope  insulating  paper,  36  inches  wide,  put  up  in  rolls 
of  200  square  feet,  weight  per  roll  65  pounds.  It  is  used  for 
the  same  purposes  as  one-half  inch  Linofelt. 

Many  stationary  ice  boxes  in  homes  have  been  built  with 
quarter  inch  and  half  inch  Linofelt  as  insulation.  The  Lino¬ 
felt  saves  enough  in  one  summer’s  use  to  pay  for  itself. 


LINOFELT  ADDS  LESS  THAN  1  PER  CENT  TO  THE  COST 
of  your  house  when  you  are  building,  but  MORE  THAN 
40  PER  CENT  TO  ITS  COMFORT  AND  VALUE  when 
you  are  living  therein. 

in 


I  LINOFELT  TO  | 
3  DEADEN  SOUND  | 


Sound,  as  is  known,  is  transmitted  by  air  vibrations, 
but  when  the  waves  of  air  come  in  contact  with  the  felted 
flax  fibre  of  Linofelt,  the  vibration  is  stopped  because  the 
sound  sinks  into  Linofelt  as  into  a  pillow. 

Those  who  have  lived  in  a  house  not  effectively  deaf¬ 
ened,  know  of  the  many  annoyances  resulting  from  sounds 
traveling  freely  from  cellar  to  garret,  and  can  scarcely  im¬ 
agine  the  luxury  of  the  thoroughly  deafened  house. 


Finished  floor 
I  x2  furring  strips 
LINOFELT 
Rough  floor 


One  method  of  application,  Linofelt  only. 


Another  method  using  Lith  and  Linofelt 

In  the  first  place  have  your  false  floor  laid  as  tightly  as 
possible.  If  your  walls  are  hollow,  have  the  false  floor  laid 
into  the  space  and  pack  some  Linofelt,  or  about  three  or 
four  inches  of  mineral  wool  into  the  space  before  plaster- 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT 


ELM  RIDGE  CLUB  HOUSE,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Contractor  and  Builder,  Joseph  H.  Stone.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


Joseph  H.  Stone 

CONTRACTOR  FOR  BUILDINGS 
442  4.KD  44B  RlDOm  ZiCrzX.X>lNU 
UOMR  tPUONB  8270 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Aug,  2,  1907. 

MR.  J.  Y.  BEARD, 

Union  Fibre  Co.,  City. 

Dear  Sir: — I  have  used  your  “Insulating  Quilt”  on  sev¬ 
eral  jobs  and  have  found  it  to  be  very  satisfactory  and  giving 
good  results. 

Yours  very  truly, 

JOSEPH  H.  STONE. 


ing.  This  is  to  avoid  the  possibility  of  communicating  sound 
from  one  floor  to  another  through  the  hollow  wall. 

In  any  case,  wherever  possible,  have  some  deadening 
material  inserted  at  the  back  of  the  base  boards. 

When  laying  your  deadening,  have  all  joints  closed  as 
tightly  as  possible. 

If  you  have  any  folding  doors,  see  that  the  space  is  dead¬ 
ened  between  the  double  walls  as  efficiently  as  the  floor  of  the 
room.  ALL  partitions  should  also  be  deadened  between  the 
studding  before  they  are  plastered.  If  you  cannot  use  a  pre¬ 
pared  deadener  in  these  irregular  places,  you  can  always  pack 
in  a  couple  of  inches  of  loose  mineral  wool. 

REMEMBER  THAT  THE  MAXIMUM  EFFICIENCY  OF 
A  DEADENED  FLOOR  DOES  NOT  EXCEED  ITS  WEAKEST 
POINT.  Therefore,  if  these  details  are  not  observed,  the  in¬ 
vestment  in  deadening  material  is  practically  wasted. 

If  you  have  gas  or  other  pipes  on  the  floor,  do  not  let  your 
finished  floor  come  in  contact  with  them  at  any  point.  Always 


21 


cut  away  the  finished  floor  and  insert  some  deadening  material 
between  it  and  the  pipes.  When  laying  the  carrying  strips, 
see  that  they  do  not  come  in  contact  with  the  pipes  at  any  point. 
If  there  are  any  upright  pipes  do  not  let  the  false  floor  come  in 
contact  with  them;  cut  it  away  about  half  an  inch  and  pack 
space  with  mineral  wool.  This  will  have  a  tendency  to  muffle  the 
communication  up  and  down  the  pipe. 

When  laying  the  carrying  strips,  do  not  lay  them  directly 
over  the  joists,  but  to  one  side,  if  possible,  (See  illustration), 
and  NAIL  the  strip  through  the  deadening  to  the  false  floor. 
We  know  that  it  decreases  the  efficiency  of  a  deadening  mate¬ 
rial  to  nail  through  it,  but  one  must  offset  this  by  great  care 
everywhere  as  described  above.  It  is  impracticable  to  lay  a 
floor  without  nailing  the  furring  strips  and  those  who  advise 
it  are  not  familiar  with  the  best  practice. 

To  Deaden  Sound  in  a  Partition 

The  usual  method  is  as  follows:  Place  studding  at  16  inch  centers, 
toe-nail  1  x  4  furring  strips  flush  with  face  of  studding,  horizontally  at  36  inch 
centers,  measuring  from  the  floor;  then  apply  Linofelt  laterally  so  that  joints 
come  directly  over  the  furring  strips,  and  secure  the  Linofelt  to  studding  by 
means  of  common  lath  nailed  perpendicularly  over  studding,  after  which  lath 
and  plaster  is  applied  in  the  usual  manner.  To  give  better  results  the  same 
construction  should  be  used  on  the  other  side  of  the  partition  also. 

This  will  give  a  very  satisfactorily  deadened  partition,  but  a  certain  per¬ 
centage  of  sound  will  still  be  transmitted  by  the  nails  and  studding. 

The  only  method  of  overcoming  this  objection  is  the  following  con¬ 
struction  :  Set  studding  at  8  inch  centers  staggered  one  and  one-half  inches ; 
place  1x4  furring  strips  14  inches  long,  toe-nailed  horizontally,  flush  with 
face  of  studding  at  36  inch  centers  from  floor.  These  14  inch  furring  strips 
will  run  continuously  on  each  side  of  the  partition,  missing  the  staggered  stud 
in  the  middle  alternately.  Then  apply  Linofelt  in  the  manner  above  described. 
The  same  construction  is  used  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  partition,  care 
being  taken  that  the  Linofelt  is  secured  in  the  same  manner  TO  THE 
INTERMEDIATE  STUDS  which  were  missed  on  the  other  side,  so  that  there 
is  no  continuous  connection  from  one  side  of  the  partition  to  the  other  by 
means  of  studding  and  nails. 


Notice  that  Linofelt  should  extend  up  under  the  baseboard,  thus  cuttin; 
the  finished  floor  away  from  the  walls. 

22 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT 


WELLINGTON  SCHOOL,  Winnipeg,  Canada. 

Architect,  (.  B.  Mitchell. 


& 


TH1EORIES  OF 
HEAT  m  SOUND 


Linofelt  is  a  house  insulation. 

To  insulate  (from  the  Latin)  means  to  make  an  island 
of  something.  To  insulate  is  to  surround  a  body  with  a  dif¬ 
ferent  sort  of  matter  so  that  the  body  is  cut  off,  like  an  island 
in  the  sea.  To  insulate  from  sound  waves  and  heat  waves  is 
to  interpose  between  the  protected  space  and  the  outside  a  ma¬ 
terial  which  will  refuse  to  conduct  heat  or  noise.  On  a  house 
covered  with  Linofelt  heat  waves  and  sound  waves  beat  in  vain. 
They  cannot  find  admittance. 

Why  does  Linofelt  keep  out  Heat  or  keep  out  Cold? 

Heat  is  a  motion  of  the  molecules  (small  particles)  of  the 
air,  or  of  any  substance.  The  heat  waves  of  the  sun,  for  ex¬ 
ample,  act  upon  the  wood  of  a  house  in  such  a  way  as  to  cause 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  BY  LITH. 


NEW  ENGLAND  APARTMENT  BUILDING,  1124-26  Paseo,  Kansas  City, 
Mo.  Kendall  Securities  Co..  Owners.  Edwards  &  Sunderland, 
Architects. 


the  wood  molecules  to  vibrate,  to  dance  up  and  down  (and 
all  around.)  When  the  molecules  are  very  hot  they  vi¬ 
brate  violently  and  this  motion  is  in  turn  transmitted  to  the  air 
within  the  house,  so  that  these  air  particles  are  agitated; 
the  sensation  of  heat  is  then  present  to  the  occupants  of 
the  house. 

All  substances  offer  a  more  or  less  perfect  obstruction  to 
the  passage  of  what  we  term  heat,  that  is,  all  substances 
must  have  a  great  deal  of  work  expended  upon  them  in  order 
that  their  molecules  may  be  violently  agitated.  Some  sub¬ 
stances  are  much  harder  to  agitate  in  this  way  than  others. 
It  is  harder  for  example  to  stir  the  molecules  of  a  piece  of 
wood  than  those  of  a  piece  of  iron.  Wood,  therefore,  is 
relatively  a  poor  conductor  of  heat  and  iron  is  a  very  good 
conductor  because  the  heat,  so  to  say,  flows  through  it  very 
readily.  Flax  fibres  oppose  a  stronger  resistance  to  this  heat 
motion  than  any  other  known  substance. 

The  best  non-conductors  are  those  which  have  a  dis¬ 
similar  molecular  structure,  that  is  to  say,  those  substances 
one  particle  of  which  differs  slightly  from  another  particle,  in 
other  words,  mixed  substances. 

LINOFELT  is  a  substance  of  dissimilar  molecular  struc¬ 
ture.  It  is  made  up  of  flax  fibres  and  minute  air  spaces.  The 


24 


PROTECTED  from  NOISE  by  MINERAL  WOOL  SOUND  DEADENER 


NEWPORT  APARTMENTS,  204-208,  17th  St.,  Milwaukee. 

J.  and  L.  Wecheselberg,  Owners.  Architects,  Hood  &  Tulgren. 


diameter  of  a  flax  fibre  is  .0006  inch,  and  in  the  interior  of 
the  fibre  there  are  hollow  spaces  containing  air.  In  the  fibre 
blanket,  which  is  one  quarter  inch  in  thickness,  there  is  an 
uncountable  number  of  these  fibres  intertwined,  holding  in  their 
embrasures  minute  air  spaces,  and  in  their  hollow  cells 
still  more  minute  air  spaces. 

Heat  applied  to  one  side  of  this  blanket  must  cause  the 
tiny  air  bubbles  and  the  fibre  particles  also,  to  vibrate  in 
some  sort  of  union  before  the  molecules  will  transmit  their 
motion  to  the  next  layer  of  fibre  and  air  spaces.  It  is  a  mat¬ 
ter  of  great  difficulty  to  do  this  because  of  the  great  dissimi¬ 
larity  in  the  molecules  of  the  fibre  and  in  the  particles  of  the 
air,  which  must  be  agitated  together  before  the  motion  is 
transmitted.  If  each  tiny  air  bubble  dances  to  a  certain  tune, 
it  must  force  the  fibre  particles  of  entirely  different  struc¬ 
ture,  which  surround  it,  to  dance  also  to  the  same  tune;  and, 
the  different  substances  are  unwilling  partners.  This  motion 
must  be  repeated  a  thousand  times  as  the  heat  wave  proceeds 
from  one  infinitely  thin  layer  of  fibre  and  air  spaces  to  the 
next.  Thus  the  heat  waves  are  dissipated  and  lost.  Hence  the 
heat  within  the  house  is  retained  therein,  and  unless  the  heat 
goes  out  the  cold  outside  cannot  come  in. 

25 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT 

AND  LITH. 


ILSLEY  APARTMENTS,  572  Marshall  St.,  Milwaukee 
Jas.  K.  Ilsley,  Architect  and  Owner. 


Why  Linofelt  Keeps  Out  Noises. 


UND,  like  heat,  is  a  mode  of  motion  due  to  the 
elasticity  of  several  mediums,  principally  the 
mixed  gas  which  we  call  air.  We  will  consider 
sound  not  as  it  is  generally  thought  of,  in  its 
effect  on  us,  but  as  the  cause  of  this  effect. 

All  sounds  are  transmitted  to  us  by  air.  Our 
ears  are  but  delicate  machines  which  respond  to  the  elastic 
impact  of  what  is  called  a  sound  wave. 


A  sound  wave  is  a  sudden  movement  of  a  portion  of  the 
air  which  is  twanged  like  a  guitar  string.  When  this  mo¬ 
tion  strikes  the  sensitive  portions  of  the  ear  we  hear  sound. 


Whenever  we  perceive  sound  some  body,  either  solid, 
liquid,  or  gas,  is  in  vibration,  and  the  air  surrounding  the  vi¬ 
brating  body  is  also  vibrating  in  unison  with  it  and  the  drum 
and  the  bones  of  the  ear  are  vibrating  in  unison  with  the 
sounding  body  and  the  air. 

Now,  when  two  persons  are  in  different  rooms  separated 
by  a  wooden  partition  and  the  first  shouts,  the  sudden  twang¬ 
ing  of  his  vocal  cords  causes  the  air  in  the  room  to  vibrate. 
This  vibration  proceeds  to  the  wooden  partition,  and  the 
sound  waves  beat  upon  the  partition,  like  the  sea  does  upon 
the  shore.  The  wooden  partition  at  once  beats  in  unison 
with  the  tones  of  the  speaker,  and  then  the  air  in  the  second 


26 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT. 


AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE,  Winnipeg,  Canada.  Cost  $178,000.00. 

Architect,  Mr.  Sam  Hooper,  Provincial  Architect  for  Manitoba. 


room  is  thrown  into  vibration  by  the  resounding  wood.  The 
second  person  then  hears  the  shout. 

It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  the  transmission  of  sound 
requires  the  assistance  of  an  elastic  body  which  can  be  sud¬ 
denly  distorted,  and  will  as  suddenly  tend  to  resume  its  orig¬ 
inal  position. 

If  a  feather-bed  were  suspended  between  the  two  wooden 
walls  of  the  partition  used  in  the  example,  and  all  other 
sources  of  sound  were  excluded,  the  conditions  of  transmitting 
sound  would  be  altered.  If  rre  «ide  of  the  wooden  partition 
were  made  to  vibrate,  this  vibration  would  be  sent  into  the 
non-elastic  mass  of  feathers;  the  feathers  would  be  pushed  in 
by  the  vibration  of  the  wooden  wall,  but  having  no  elasticity 
could  not  send  the  impulse  onward.  An  elastic  body, 
when  pushed  out  of  its  original  shape  seeks  to  return  to 
that  shape,  but  the  feathers  being  once  pushed  back  by  the 
vibrating  board  would  lie  inert  without  any  tendency  to  move 
in  either  direction. 

This,  then,  is  the  theory  under  which  all  sound  deaden¬ 
ing  materials  are  made;  that  they  must  be  of  non-elastic 
substances  so  that  when  they  receive  on  one  side  the  impact 
of  the  sound  wave  they  allow  that  impact  to  sink  in,  having 
no  elasticity  with  which  they  can  send  it  onward. 

LINOFELT  is  the  best  sound  deadener  because  it  has 
millions  of  infinitely  fine  non-elastic  fibres  in  which  the  sound 
is  cushioned  but  not  transmitted. 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT 

AND  LITH. 


MAPLES  APARTMENT  BUILDING,  10th  and  Lydia  Ave.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

G.  W.  Smith,  Owner.  Edwards  &  Sunderland,  Architects. 


A..  B.  Anderson, 

XROHITKO'l’ 

Room  York  Lirs  Hl.do. 

T1CL.RPHOKB  743  MAIN. 


Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Aug.  1,  1907. 

J.  Y.  BEARD, 

Southwestern  Agent,  Union  Fibre  Co., 

671  Sheidley  Bldg.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Dear  Sir:  In  reply  to  your  inquiry  as  to  the  merits  of 
your  Linofelt  deadener  used  in  the  Mt.  Washington  School 
and  the  Hogland  Flats  at  9th  and  Paseo,  wish  to  say  that  as 
far  as  I  know,  the  goods  have  given  perfect  satisfaction.  I 
have  never  had  any  complaint  from  the  School  Board  in  re¬ 
gard  to  the  Mt.  Washington  School,  and  had  there  been  any 
difficulty  I  certainly  would  have  heard  of  it.  I  think  your 
Linofelt  deadener  is  all  that  you  claim  for  it,  and  can  heartily 
recommend  same.  You  are  at  liberty  to  refer  anybody  you 
may  wish  to  me  for  reference. 

Yours  very  truly, 

A.  B.  ANDERSON. 


28 


PROTECTED.  FROM  NOISE  BY  MINERAL  WOOL  SOUND 
'  DEADENER 


SCAA\MON  APARTMENTS,  810-814  Wells  St.,  ^Milwaukee. 
Owners.  Gilman  Estate.  Architects,  Lenhouts  &  Guthrie 


Union  Dhpot  Company 

E.  J.  Sanford,  President  and  Supt. 

L.  S.  Banks,  GenT  Ticket  Agent. 

F.  A.  Updegraff,  GenT  Baggage  Agent 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Aug.  2,  1907. 

UNION  FIBRE  COMPANY, 

671  Sheidley  Building,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

My  dear  Sirs :  Some  three  years  ago,  I  had  occasion  to  in¬ 
vestigate  the  floor-deadening  material  question.  I  was  at 
that  time  erecting  three  flat  buildings  at  the  corner  of  36th 
and  Troost  Avenue. 

After  considerable  investigation,  I  decided  to  use  Lino- 
felt,  which  has  proven  very  successful,  and  I  can  cheerfully 
recommend  the  same  to  anyone  looking  for  a  deadener  for 
floors  in  flats,  &c. 

Yours  very  truly, 

L.  S.  BANKS. 


29 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT 


RESIDENCE  OF  GEO.  H.  RAMER,  Winona,  Minn. 

Architect,  A.  E.  Myhre,  Winona.  Builder,  Fred  Husenian. 

-  A.  M.  RAMER  COMPANY 

Ifil,  150.  1.55  EAST  SECOND  ST, 

Winona,  Minn.,  January  25,  1908. 

Union  Fibre  Company. 

Gentlemen;--  Winona,  Minn. 

I  have  used  your  sheathing  Linofelt  in  the  building  of  my 
residence,  and  this  winter  I  find  the  house  very  comfortable 
with  a  small  amount  of  coal. 

From  my  experience  and  satisfaction  I  would  not  build 
any  dwelling  without  protecting  it  with  Linofelt. 

Yours  truly, 

GEO.  H.  RAMER. 


Linofelt  is  odorless  and  absolutely  vermin  proof.  Bugs, 
rats,  mice,  or  vermin  of  any  kind  will  not  touch  flax  fibre  after 
it  is  treated  by  our  degumming  process.  This  renders  it  an¬ 
tiseptic  and  odorless  under  any  conditions. 

Ask  us  to  send  you  a  sample  of  Linofelt  so  you  can  see 
for  yourself  what  it  is  like. 


30 


PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT 

AND  LITH. 


QRANDMORA  APARTMENTS,  13th  and  Grand  Ave.,  Milwaukee. 

Owner,  Mr.  Patrick  Cndahy.  Architect,  H.  J.  Rotier. 

PROTECTED  FROM  NOISE  AND  COLD  BY  LINOFELT. 


THE  WARDLOVV,  Winnipeg,  Canada.  John  D.  Atchison,  Architect 


.31 


PROTECTED  from  NOISE  by  MINERAL  WOOL  SOUND 

DEADENER. 


HOI.LYWOOD  APARTMENTS,  222-226,  9th  St.,  Milwaukee,  \\  is. 

Owners,  Gilman  Estate.  Architects.  Lunhouts  &  Guthrie. 


If  you  use  building  paper  you  will  lose  44  per 
cent  more  heat  through  your  walls  than  if  you  use 
our  Linofelt  construction.  This  great  loss  of  fuel 
would  soon  pay  for  the  slight  extra  cost,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  comfort  Linofelt  will  give  you,  and 
the  continued  saving  in  after  years. 

These  statements  are  based  on  scientific  tests 
made  by  the  Starr  Engineering  Company,  258  Broad¬ 
way,  New  York  City.  We  will  gladly  send  a  copy 
of  this  test  upon  request. 


LINOFELT  ADDS  LESS  THAN  1  PER  CENT  TO  THE  COST 
of  your  house  when  you  are  building,  but  MORE  THAN 
40  PER  CENT  TO  ITS  COMFORT  AND  VALUE  when 
you  are  living  therein. 


32 


MINERAL  WOOL 
SOUND  DEADENER 


The  Union  Fibre  Co.  are  also  manufacturers  of  MINERAL 
WOOL  SOUND  DEADENER,  which  consists  of  a  quilt  one- 
half  inch  in  thickness  of  rock  fibre  wool,  stitched  between 
two  sheets  of  building  paper  or  of  asbestos  paper, 
according  to  grade.  The  quilt  has  the  additional  merit  of 
being  unburnable  besides  possessing  high  efficiency  as  a  non¬ 
conductor  of  heat  (or  cold)  and  sound.  It  is  put  up  in  rolls 
like  Linofelt  and  is  used  in  building  operations  like  Linofelt. 


The  mineral  or  rock  fibre  wool  from  which  the  quilt  is 
made  is  manufactured  in  our  mill  at  Yorktown,  Indiana, 
situated  on  a  large  deposit  of  silica-bearing  limestone  rock. 

The  rock  wool  is  made  under  our  patented  processes. 
The  rock  is  subjected,  in  furnaces,  to  a  heat  of  3,600  degrees 
F.,  at  which  point  it  liquifies  and  is  blown  by  a  secret  and 
improved  method  into  the  cooling  chambers.  Here  it  resem¬ 
bles  cotton  in  appearance  and  texture,  having  the  following 
points  of  superiority  over  other  mineral  wool. 

(1)  It  contains  no  dust. 

(2)  It  is  soft  and  pliable. 

(3)  It  is  not  prickly,  nor  harsh  on  the  skin  of  those 
handling  it. 

(4)  Its  settling  propensity  when  packed  in  walls  is  re¬ 
duced  to  a  minimum. 

(6)  It  is  indestructible  and  constant  in  chemical  struc¬ 
ture. 

This  rock  wool  has  twelve  times  the  bulk  of  the  original 
rock,  showing  that  it  has  imprisoned  within  itself  more 
than  eleven  times  its  own  bulk  of  air.  Besides,  the  fibres 


33 


of  the  silicate  themselves  are  high  non-conductors  of  heat. 
This  explains  why  mineral  wool  is  such  a  good  insulating 
material. 

In  addition,  the  softness  and  non-elasticity  of  the  indi¬ 
vidual  fibres  make  it  one  of  the  best  non-conductors  of  sound. 

Mineral  wool  in  bulk  is  put  up  in  bags  of  60  lbs.  each,  and, 
being  made  from  rock,  is  absolutely  fireproof  and  makes  an 
excellent  filling  in  small  places  where  Linofelt  cannot  be  used. 


LITH 


Lith  is  a  non-conductor  of  sound,  heat  and  cold,  put  up 
in  the  form  of  boards  or  slabs,  manufactured  from  a  combina¬ 
tion  of  Rock  Fibre  Mineral  Wool  and  Degummed  Flax  Fibre. 

Our  process  of  manufacture  removes  all  the  settling  pro¬ 
pensities  of  Mineral  Wool,  and  strength  is  given  the  board 
by  using  degummed  Flax  Fibre.  It  is  made  into  sections  14 
inches,  16  inches,  and  18  inches  wide,  and  48  inches  long, 
regular  thickness  ^  inch,  1  inch,  2  inches,  3  inches  and  4 
inches.  The  i  inch  and  1  inch  thicknesses  are  largely  used 
for  sound  deadening  of  floors  and  the  1  inch,  2  inch,  3  inch  and 
4  inch  for  cold  storage  and  refrigerator  insulation. 


Write  for  our  booklet  “Cold  Truth,”  that  tells  you  why 
Lith  and  Linofelt  are  the  best  insulation  for  cold  storages, 
breweries  and  refrigerators  of  every  kind 


34 


ONE  OF  6,600  REFRIGERATOR  CARS  LINED  WITH  LINOFELT 

Ordered  at  one  time  by  the  Harriman  System 


This  refrigerator  car  is  owned  by  the  Harriman  Railroad  Lines,  and  is  one  of  6,600  lined  with  two  layers  of  REFRIG¬ 
ERATOR  LINOFELT.  This  is  the  largest  order  for  insulation  ever  given,  amounting  to  approximately  20,000,000  square 
feet  of  Linofelt. 

The  Harriman  Railroads  made  scientific  tests  of  every  form  of  insulation  on  the  market,  and  the  award  to  Linofelt  is 
a  public  acknowledgment  in  most  practical  form  of  Linofelt’s  superiority. 


WHEREVER  THE 
PROBLEM  IS 


To  Keep  Out  H  eat 
To  Keep  Out  Cold 
To  Keep  Out  Sound 
To  Keep  Out  Moisture 

IN  ANY  SORT  OF 
BUILDING  OR  STRUCTURE  ^ 

This  company  makes  non-conductors  of  heat,  cold 
and  sound  for  cold  storages,  refrigerator  cars,  ice  boxes, 
breweries,  ice  plants  and  dwelling  houses. 

Flax  Lith  Insulation, 

High  efficiency  and  low  cost. 


The 

Union 

Fibre 

Company 

should 

be 

invited 

to 

aid 

in 

the 

problem’s 

solution. 


Peerless  Cork  Boards 

Impregnated  Cork  Boards---Fireproof  Cork  Boards 


L  i  n  o  f  el  t 

for  refrigerators  of  every  type. 


Mineral  Wool  Sound  Deadener 

for  public  buildings  and  dwellings 

Granulated  Cork 

Mineral  Wool  ---  Fire  and  Water-proof  Paint  and 
Cement. 

The  Union  Fibre  Co.  is  the  largest  exclusive 
insulation  manufacturing  concern  in  the  world. 


Write  to  our  offices  or  to  our  factories 
Main  Office  Winona,  Minn. 

Offices  General  Sales  Offices  Offices 

500  Fifth  Ave.,  1 1 1 4  Great  Northern  Bldg.,  571  Scheidley  Bldg., 
New  York  Chicago,  Ill.  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Factories- --Winona,  Minn.,  and  Yorktown,  Ind. 


AVERV  LIERASC 


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.COPYRIGHTED,  1907, 
BY  BROWN  ft  BRACKEN, 

FOR.UNION  Fibre  Co., 

WINONA,  MINN. 


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